林木資產(chǎn)價格評估：智慧林業(yè)賦能商品林經(jīng)濟效益快速評估的數(shù)字化方案

　　Valuation of Forest Asset Prices: A Digital Solution for Rapid Evaluation of Economic Benefits of Commercial Forests Empowered by Smart Forestry

　　商品林的經(jīng)濟效益評估核心圍繞林木蓄積量展開，而蓄積量的精準(zhǔn)測算取決于樹徑、樹高及單位面積株數(shù)三大關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)。傳統(tǒng)評估方式依賴人工臨場測量，不僅耗時耗力、覆蓋范圍有限，還易因人為誤差影響結(jié)果準(zhǔn)確性，難以滿足大規(guī)模商品林高效管理的需求。如今，無人機遙感、GIS技術(shù)與林業(yè)信息化平臺的深度融合，為商品林經(jīng)濟效益快速評估提供了高精度、高效率的數(shù)字化解決方案，成為林業(yè)人不可或缺的管理工具。

　　The core of economic benefit evaluation of commercial forests revolves around the volume of forest trees, and the accurate measurement of volume depends on three key indicators: tree diameter, tree height, and the number of trees per unit area. The traditional evaluation method relies on manual on-site measurement, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, with limited coverage, but also prone to human error affecting the accuracy of results, making it difficult to meet the needs of efficient management of large-scale commercial forests. Nowadays, the deep integration of unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing, GIS technology, and forestry information platform provides high-precision and efficient digital solutions for the rapid evaluation of economic benefits of commercial forests, and has become an indispensable management tool for forestry personnel.

　　要實現(xiàn)商品林經(jīng)濟效益的快速評估，首先需明確蓄積量的核心地位——它直接決定了木材產(chǎn)量與資產(chǎn)價值，是經(jīng)濟效益核算的基礎(chǔ)。傳統(tǒng)人工評估中，林業(yè)人員需深入林區(qū)逐株測量樹徑、樹高，再統(tǒng)計單位面積株數(shù)，流程繁瑣且周期長，尤其對于大面積林區(qū)，往往需要數(shù)月才能完成評估，嚴(yán)重滯后于市場決策需求。而數(shù)字化技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，從根本上改變了這一現(xiàn)狀，通過技術(shù)手段實現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)的快速獲取與精準(zhǔn)測算。

　　To achieve a rapid assessment of the economic benefits of commercial forests, it is necessary to first clarify the core position of stock volume - it directly determines the timber production and asset value, and is the basis for economic benefit accounting. In traditional manual evaluation, forestry personnel need to go deep into the forest area to measure the diameter and height of each tree, and then count the number of trees per unit area. The process is cumbersome and time-consuming, especially for large-scale forest areas, which often takes several months to complete the evaluation, seriously lagging behind market decision-making needs. The application of digital technology has fundamentally changed this situation, achieving rapid acquisition and accurate measurement of key data through technological means.

　　無人機遙感技術(shù)是破解單位面積株數(shù)統(tǒng)計難題的核心工具。林業(yè)人員只需操控?zé)o人機對目標(biāo)林區(qū)進(jìn)行全面掃描，搭載的高清攝像頭與光譜識別設(shè)備可快速捕捉林區(qū)影像，且無需依賴第三方軟件拼接——無人機管理平臺能直接在終端完成影像拼接，生成完整、清晰的林區(qū)全景影像。借助內(nèi)置的AI識別算法，平臺可自動區(qū)分目標(biāo)樹種與其他植被，精準(zhǔn)統(tǒng)計單位面積內(nèi)的林木株數(shù)，徹底替代人工計數(shù)的繁瑣工作。這種方式不僅覆蓋范圍廣，能輕松應(yīng)對大面積商品林的評估需求，還能將原本需要數(shù)周的工作壓縮至數(shù)小時，效率提升數(shù)十倍，同時避免了人工計數(shù)的遺漏與誤差。

　　Unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing technology is the core tool for solving the problem of counting the number of plants per unit area. Forestry personnel only need to control the drone to conduct a comprehensive scan of the target forest area, equipped with high-definition cameras and spectral recognition devices that can quickly capture forest images without relying on third-party software splicing - the drone management platform can directly complete image splicing at the terminal, generating complete and clear panoramic images of the forest area. With the help of built-in AI recognition algorithms, the platform can automatically distinguish target tree species from other vegetation, accurately count the number of trees per unit area, and completely replace the tedious work of manual counting. This approach not only covers a wide range and can easily meet the evaluation needs of large-scale commercial forests, but also compresses the work that originally required weeks into hours, increasing efficiency by dozens of times while avoiding omissions and errors in manual counting.

　　GIS技術(shù)與林業(yè)信息化平臺則為樹徑、樹高的精準(zhǔn)測算提供了支撐。以云南林業(yè)信息化平臺為代表的數(shù)字化系統(tǒng)，融合地理信息與GIS技術(shù)，能將無人機獲取的影像數(shù)據(jù)與林區(qū)地理坐標(biāo)精準(zhǔn)匹配。通過影像分析技術(shù)，系統(tǒng)可自動提取單株林木的冠幅、胸徑等參數(shù)，結(jié)合樹種生長模型反推樹高，進(jìn)而計算出單株林木的蓄積量，再乘以單位面積株數(shù)，即可快速得出整個林區(qū)的總蓄積量。這種數(shù)字化測算方式無需人員深入林區(qū)，既降低了作業(yè)風(fēng)險，又保證了數(shù)據(jù)的客觀性與一致性，測算精度遠(yuǎn)超傳統(tǒng)人工測量。

　　GIS technology and forestry information platform provide support for accurate measurement of tree diameter and height. The digital system represented by Yunnan Forestry Information Platform integrates geographic information and GIS technology, which can accurately match the image data obtained by drones with the geographical coordinates of forest areas. Through image analysis technology, the system can automatically extract parameters such as crown width and breast height diameter of individual trees, and combine them with tree growth models to infer tree height, thereby calculating the stock volume of individual trees. Multiplying it by the number of trees per unit area can quickly obtain the total stock volume of the entire forest area. This digital measurement method does not require personnel to go deep into the forest area, which not only reduces operational risks, but also ensures the objectivity and consistency of data, and the measurement accuracy far exceeds traditional manual measurement.

　　在獲取精準(zhǔn)蓄積量數(shù)據(jù)后，即可快速完成商品林經(jīng)濟效益評估。結(jié)合目標(biāo)樹種的市場價格、木材出材率、運輸成本及后續(xù)管護(hù)投入等因素，可直接核算出商品林的當(dāng)前資產(chǎn)價值；同時，借助林業(yè)信息化平臺的動態(tài)監(jiān)測功能，還能跟蹤林木生長狀況，預(yù)測未來蓄積量增長趨勢，為采伐規(guī)劃、市場定價等決策提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。此外，這類平臺還能實現(xiàn)商品林的數(shù)字化管理，強化病蟲害、火災(zāi)等風(fēng)險預(yù)警，為林長制落實提供全面的信息化支撐，讓商品林管理從“經(jīng)驗驅(qū)動”轉(zhuǎn)向“數(shù)據(jù)驅(qū)動”。

　　After obtaining accurate accumulation data, the economic benefits evaluation of commercial forests can be quickly completed. By taking into account factors such as market prices of target tree species, timber yield, transportation costs, and subsequent management and maintenance investments, the current asset value of commercial forests can be directly calculated; At the same time, with the dynamic monitoring function of the forestry information platform, it is also possible to track the growth status of trees, predict the future growth trend of stock volume, and provide scientific basis for decision-making such as logging planning and market pricing. In addition, such platforms can also achieve digital management of commercial forests, strengthen risk warnings for diseases, pests, fires, etc., provide comprehensive information support for the implementation of the forest tenure system, and shift the management of commercial forests from "experience driven" to "data-driven".

　　專業(yè)評估建議

　　Professional evaluation suggestions

　　作為深耕林業(yè)信息化領(lǐng)域的從業(yè)者，建議林業(yè)單位在選擇數(shù)字化評估方案時，優(yōu)先選用支持無人機端側(cè)拼圖、AI樹種識別的一體化平臺，避免因數(shù)據(jù)格式不兼容影響評估效率；同時，需確保平臺搭載的GIS技術(shù)具備高精度地理坐標(biāo)匹配能力，保障樹徑、樹高測算的準(zhǔn)確性。評估過程中，可結(jié)合少量實地抽樣校驗，進(jìn)一步提升數(shù)據(jù)可靠性；對于古樹名木等特殊林木，還可借助平臺的數(shù)字化建檔功能，實現(xiàn)資產(chǎn)的動態(tài)跟蹤與價值評估。

　　As practitioners deeply involved in the field of forestry informatization, it is recommended that forestry units prioritize the use of an integrated platform that supports unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) end-to-end puzzle and AI tree species recognition when selecting digital evaluation solutions, in order to avoid the impact of incompatible data formats on evaluation efficiency; At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the GIS technology installed on the platform has high-precision geographic coordinate matching capabilities to ensure the accuracy of tree diameter and height calculations. During the evaluation process, a small amount of on-site sampling verification can be combined to further enhance the reliability of the data; For special trees such as ancient and famous trees, the digital filing function of the platform can also be used to achieve dynamic tracking and value evaluation of assets.

　　無人機與GIS技術(shù)的融合應(yīng)用，徹底革新了商品林經(jīng)濟效益評估的模式，讓“快速、精準(zhǔn)、高效”成為現(xiàn)實。這種數(shù)字化方案不僅解決了傳統(tǒng)評估方式的痛點，還為商品林的精細(xì)化管理、風(fēng)險預(yù)警提供了全面支撐，助力林業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)從傳統(tǒng)模式向智慧化、數(shù)字化轉(zhuǎn)型。隨著智慧林業(yè)技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，商品林的經(jīng)濟效益評估將更加便捷、科學(xué)，為林業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展與林農(nóng)增收提供有力保障。如果在數(shù)字化評估過程中遇到技術(shù)選型或操作疑問，歡迎隨時交流咨詢！

　　The integration of drones and GIS technology has completely revolutionized the mode of economic benefit evaluation for commercial forests, making "fast, accurate, and efficient" a reality. This digital solution not only solves the pain points of traditional evaluation methods, but also provides comprehensive support for the refined management and risk warning of commercial forests, helping the forestry industry transform from traditional models to intelligent and digital ones. With the continuous development of smart forestry technology, the economic benefit evaluation of commercial forests will become more convenient and scientific, providing strong guarantees for sustainable forestry development and increased income for forest farmers. If you encounter technical selection or operational questions during the digital evaluation process, please feel free to communicate and consult at any time!

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